Frost flowers growing in the Arctic ocean‐atmosphere–sea ice–snow interface: 1. Chemical composition
Identifieur interne : 001429 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001428; suivant : 001430Frost flowers growing in the Arctic ocean‐atmosphere–sea ice–snow interface: 1. Chemical composition
Auteurs : Thomas A. Douglas [États-Unis] ; Florent Domine [France] ; Manuel Barret [France] ; Cort Anastasio [États-Unis] ; Harry J. Beine [États-Unis] ; Jan Bottenheim [Canada] ; Amanda Grannas [États-Unis] ; Stephan Houdier [France] ; Stoyka Netcheva [Canada] ; Glenn Rowland [États-Unis] ; Ralf Staebler [Canada] ; Alexandra Steffen [Canada]Source :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2012-07-27.
Abstract
Frost flowers, intricate featherlike crystals that grow on refreezing sea ice leads, have been implicated in lower atmospheric chemical reactions. Few studies have presented chemical composition information for frost flowers over time and many of the chemical species commonly associated with Polar tropospheric reactions have never been reported for frost flowers. We undertook this study on the sea ice north of Barrow, Alaska to quantify the major ion, stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope, alkalinity, light absorbance by soluble species, organochlorine, and aldehyde composition of seawater, brine, and frost flowers. For many of these chemical species we present the first measurements from brine or frost flowers. Results show that major ion and alkalinity concentrations, stable isotope values, and major chromophore (NO3− and H2O2) concentrations are controlled by fractionation from seawater and brine. The presence of these chemical species in present and future sea ice scenarios is somewhat predictable. However, aldehydes, organochlorine compounds, light absorbing species, and mercury (part 2 of this research and Sherman et al. (2012)) are deposited to frost flowers through less predictable processes that probably involve the atmosphere as a source. The present and future concentrations of these constituents in frost flowers may not be easily incorporated into future sea ice or lower atmospheric chemistry scenarios. Thinning of Arctic sea ice will likely present more open sea ice leads where young ice, brine, and frost flowers form. How these changing ice conditions will affect the interactions between ice, brine, frost flowers and the lower atmosphere is unknown.
Url:
DOI: 10.1029/2011JD016460
Affiliations:
- Canada, France, États-Unis
- Alaska, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Californie, Pennsylvanie, Rhône-Alpes
- Grenoble, Saint-Martin-d'Hères
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Geophys. Res.</title><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-2202</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2012-07-27">2012-07-27</date><biblScope unit="volume">117</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">D14</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="/">n/a</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="/">n/a</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></series><idno type="istex">4BA967A5C932EEC0AFE20E0FEDDD4E33BC41A150</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2011JD016460</idno><idno type="ArticleID">2011JD016460</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Frost flowers, intricate featherlike crystals that grow on refreezing sea ice leads, have been implicated in lower atmospheric chemical reactions. Few studies have presented chemical composition information for frost flowers over time and many of the chemical species commonly associated with Polar tropospheric reactions have never been reported for frost flowers. We undertook this study on the sea ice north of Barrow, Alaska to quantify the major ion, stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope, alkalinity, light absorbance by soluble species, organochlorine, and aldehyde composition of seawater, brine, and frost flowers. For many of these chemical species we present the first measurements from brine or frost flowers. Results show that major ion and alkalinity concentrations, stable isotope values, and major chromophore (NO3− and H2O2) concentrations are controlled by fractionation from seawater and brine. The presence of these chemical species in present and future sea ice scenarios is somewhat predictable. However, aldehydes, organochlorine compounds, light absorbing species, and mercury (part 2 of this research and Sherman et al. (2012)) are deposited to frost flowers through less predictable processes that probably involve the atmosphere as a source. The present and future concentrations of these constituents in frost flowers may not be easily incorporated into future sea ice or lower atmospheric chemistry scenarios. Thinning of Arctic sea ice will likely present more open sea ice leads where young ice, brine, and frost flowers form. How these changing ice conditions will affect the interactions between ice, brine, frost flowers and the lower atmosphere is unknown.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li><li>France</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Alaska</li><li>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</li><li>Californie</li><li>Pennsylvanie</li><li>Rhône-Alpes</li></region><settlement><li>Grenoble</li><li>Saint-Martin-d'Hères</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Alaska"><name sortKey="Douglas, Thomas A" sort="Douglas, Thomas A" uniqKey="Douglas T" first="Thomas A." last="Douglas">Thomas A. Douglas</name></region><name sortKey="Anastasio, Cort" sort="Anastasio, Cort" uniqKey="Anastasio C" first="Cort" last="Anastasio">Cort Anastasio</name><name sortKey="Beine, Harry J" sort="Beine, Harry J" uniqKey="Beine H" first="Harry J." last="Beine">Harry J. Beine</name><name sortKey="Grannas, Amanda" sort="Grannas, Amanda" uniqKey="Grannas A" first="Amanda" last="Grannas">Amanda Grannas</name><name sortKey="Rowland, Glenn" sort="Rowland, Glenn" uniqKey="Rowland G" first="Glenn" last="Rowland">Glenn Rowland</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes"><name sortKey="Domine, Florent" sort="Domine, Florent" uniqKey="Domine F" first="Florent" last="Domine">Florent Domine</name></region><name sortKey="Barret, Manuel" sort="Barret, Manuel" uniqKey="Barret M" first="Manuel" last="Barret">Manuel Barret</name><name sortKey="Houdier, Stephan" sort="Houdier, Stephan" uniqKey="Houdier S" first="Stephan" last="Houdier">Stephan Houdier</name></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bottenheim, Jan" sort="Bottenheim, Jan" uniqKey="Bottenheim J" first="Jan" last="Bottenheim">Jan Bottenheim</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Netcheva, Stoyka" sort="Netcheva, Stoyka" uniqKey="Netcheva S" first="Stoyka" last="Netcheva">Stoyka Netcheva</name><name sortKey="Staebler, Ralf" sort="Staebler, Ralf" uniqKey="Staebler R" first="Ralf" last="Staebler">Ralf Staebler</name><name sortKey="Steffen, Alexandra" sort="Steffen, Alexandra" uniqKey="Steffen A" first="Alexandra" last="Steffen">Alexandra Steffen</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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